⸻ ⭐ What Is Depression? Depression is a common mental health condition that affects mood, thoughts, and daily functioning. It is more than just feeling sad — it involves persistent low mood, loss of interest, and changes in behaviour that last for at least 2 weeks or longer. Depression can affect: • Emotions • Physical health • Sleep • Appetite • Concentration • Relationships • Work or academic performance ⸻ ⭐ Main Types of Depression 1. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) Also called clinical depression. Symptoms last most of the day, nearly every day, for at least 2 weeks. Common signs: • Persistent sadness • Loss of interest in activities • Fatigue • Sleep changes • Appetite changes • Suicidal thoughts ⸻ 2. Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia) A chronic, long-lasting form of depression. Symptoms are less severe than MDD but last 2 years or more. ⸻ 3. Bipolar Depression Occurs in people with Bipolar Disorder—they experience: • Periods of depression • Alternating with mania (high energy, impulsive behaviour) Here the depressive episodes look similar to MDD. ⸻ 4. Postpartum Depression Affects women after childbirth. Causes: • Hormonal changes • Physical exhaustion • Emotional stress Symptoms include sadness, anxiety, irritability, and difficulty bonding with the baby. ⸻ 5. Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD) A severe form of PMS. Symptoms appear 1–2 weeks before menstruation: • Mood swings • Irritability • Anger • Depression-like symptoms ⸻ 6. Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD) Depression occurring during certain seasons, usually winter, when sunlight is low. ⸻ 7. Atypical Depression A type where mood improves temporarily in response to positive events. Symptoms: • Increased appetite • Excessive sleep • Sensitivity to rejection ⸻ 8. Situational Depression (Adjustment Disorder) Triggered by a stressful life event, such as: • Breakup • Job loss • Bereavement Short-term, improves when the situation stabilizes. ⸻ ⭐ Common Symptoms of Depression • Feeling sad or empty • Lack of interest in activities • Sleep too much or too little • Tiredness • Difficulty concentrating • Feeling worthless or guilty • Appetite changes • Thoughts of death or suicide ⸻ ⭐ Treatment Options Most forms of depression are treatable with: • Psychotherapy (CBT, counselling, etc.) • Medication (SSRIs, SNRIs) • Lifestyle changes • Support groups • Stress management techniques